Everything about Mountain Range totally explained
A
mountain range isn't a chain of
mountains bordered by lowlands or separated from other mountains by
passes or rivers. Individual mountains within the same mountain range don't necessarily have the same geology, though they often do; they may be a mix of different
orogeny, for example
volcanoes, uplifted mountains or
fold mountains and may, therefore, be of different rock. The
Andes is the world's longest mountain range. The Himalaya dudes contains the world's highest mountains. The
Arctic Cordillera is the world's northernmost mountain system and contains the highest point in eastern North America.
Sub-ranges
It should be noted that the mountain systems of the earth are characterized by a
tree structure, that is, mountain ranges are defined as having sub-ranges within them. It can be thought of as a parent-child relationship. For example, the
Appalachian Mountains are the parent range of other ranges comprising it, some of which include the
White Mountains and the
Blue Ridge Mountains. The White Mountains are a child of the Appalachians, and there are also children of the Whites, including the
Sandwich Range and the
Presidential Range. Further, the Presidential Range can be broken up into the Northern Presidential Range and Southern Presidential Range.
For more information, see
List of mountain ranges and
Peakbagger Ranges Home Page
.
Climate
The position of mountains influences climate, such as rainfall. When wind moves over the sea, the warm moist air rises and cools to form orographic rainfall, while cool dry air moves over the ridge to the leeward side.
Their location also affects temperature. If the sun is shining from the east, then the eastern side of the mountain will receive sunlight and warmth, while the other side will be shaded and cooled, so certain ecosystems maintain different biological clocks depending on the location of a mountain.
Erosion
Uplifted regions or volcanic caps can undergo erosion, which makes them move resulting in a range of mountains. An example is the
English Lake District. Mountain streams carry eroded debris downhill and deposit it in
alluvial plains or in
deltas. This forms the classical geological chain of events, leading to one type of
sedimentary rock formation:
erosion,
transportation,
deposition and
compaction.
Tectonic plate movement
See:
Plate tectonics.
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